The FDA has also recently approved intranasal glucagon as a treatment for severe hypoglycemia.

美国食品药品监督管理局最近也批准了胰高血糖鼻粉剂。

And the pancreas regulates your blood sugar by releasing two different hormones — insulin and glucagon.

胰通过释放两种不同的激来调节你的血糖——胰岛和胰高血糖。

A decrease in glucose stimulates alpha cells in the pancreas to release insulin's nemesis, the hormone glucagon.

葡萄糖的减少刺激胰中的α细胞释放胰岛的克星——荷尔蒙胰高血糖。

Insulin is used to reduce blood glucose levels, and glucagon is used to increase blood glucose levels.

胰岛用来低血糖水平，而胰高血糖用来提高血糖水平。

In states of stress, like an infection, the body releases epinephrine, which in turn stimulates the release of glucagon.

在压力状态下，比如发生感染时，身体会产生肾上，而刺激胰高血糖的释放。

And so we use two different hormones, insulin and glucagon to do that.

因此，我们利用两种不同的激——胰岛和胰高血糖来实现这一目标。

There are going to be a number of things that impact insulin and glucagon.

会有多种因影响胰岛和胰高血糖的水平。

And what the glucagon does is it increases energy expenditure.

胰高血糖的作用是增加能量消耗。

The pancreas also secretes insulin and glucagon.

胰还分泌胰岛和胰高血糖。

GLP-1 is in the glucagon pathway.

GLP-1位于胰高血糖通路中。

Well then your body is going to quit producing that insulin and it's going to start producing glucagon.

那么，你的身体将停止分泌胰岛，并开始产生胰高血糖。

For example, the amount of glucose in the blood controls the secretion of insulin and glucagons via negative feedback.

例如，血液中的葡萄糖量通过负反馈控制胰岛和胰高血糖的分泌。

DPP4 can degrade the host's glucagon and contribute to compromising glucose homeostasis, as indicated in the study published in Science on August 4.

8 月 4 日发表在《科学》杂志上的研究表明，DPP4 可以宿主的胰高血糖，并有助于损害葡萄糖稳态。

With such a long fast, hormones such as glucagon and epinephrine are released to increase blood glucose levels and more importantly, break down more fat.

如此长时间的禁食，血液中诸如胰高血糖和肾上等激水平会升高，以增长血糖值，更重要的是它们可以分更多脂肪。

Those are the pancreatic cells that produce hormones such as insulin and glucagon and that are attacked by the immune system in type 1 diabetes patients.

这些是产生胰岛和胰高血糖等激的胰细胞，在 1 型糖尿病患者中会被免疫系统攻击。

Insulin is secreted by beta cells in the center of the islets, and glucagon is secreted by alpha cells in the periphery of the islets.

胰岛由胰岛中间的β细胞分泌，而胰高血糖由胰岛外周的α细胞分泌。

In general, the body controls how much glucose is in the blood relative to how much gets into the cells with two hormones: insulin and glucagon.

通常，人体用两种激来控制血液和细胞里的葡萄糖比例：胰岛与胰高血糖。

And so now when the blood glucose level goes too far down, glucagon in added and that's going to increase the blood glucose level.

因此， 当血糖水平过低时，胰高血糖会被释放， 而提升血糖水平。

Or if there is an increase in insulin, if blood glucose isn't dropping, then there must be a corresponding increase in glucagon, which is basically offsetting all of insulin's issues.

或者如果胰岛增加， 如果血糖没有下，那么胰高血糖就必须相应增加，这基本上抵消了胰岛的所有问题。